Sapphire is a single-crystal aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). Renowned for its exceptional physical and optical properties, it is one of the most widely used hard and brittle materials in the optics, electronics, and semiconductor industries. Although its cost is higher and it is more difficult to process than conventional glass, sapphire is often the best—or even the only—choice for applications requiring extreme durability and broadband performance.
Broad transmission range
High hardness and excellent scratch resistance
Outstanding electrical insulation
| Crystal Structure | Hexagonal System |
| Mohs Hardness | 9 |
| Transmission Range | 0.15 - 5.5 μm |
| Refractive Index | Approx. 1.76 - 1.77 |
| Melting Point | 2054°C |
| Dielectric Constant | 9.4@300Kat A axis~11.58@300K at C axis |
